The **United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce** is one of the oldest and most influential standing committees in the U.S. House of Representatives, established on December 14, 1795. Originally named the Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, it was created to oversee the regulation of commerce both domestically and internationally, reflecting the young nation's expanding economic needs[1][2][4]. Over time, its name and jurisdiction evolved, becoming the Committee on Commerce in 1819, then the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in 1891, and finally assuming its current title in 1981 to emphasize its leadership in national energy policy[2][3]. The committee wields the broadest jurisdiction of any House committee outside of tax-related matters, covering a diverse range of critical areas: energy policy, telecommunications, consumer protection, food and drug safety, public health, environmental quality, and interstate and foreign commerce. It exercises legislative oversight over multiple federal agencies, including the Department of Energy, Health and Human Services, the Federal Trade Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, the Federal Communications Commission, and others[1][3][4]. Structurally, the committee is divided into six subcommittees focusing on specific domains such as Communications and Technology, Energy, Environment, Health, Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade, and Oversight and Investigations. This arrangement enables it to address complex and evolving challenges in business, technology, and public welfare with agility and depth[1][6]. Historically, the committee has played a pivotal role in shaping key legislation affecting the American economy and public health, such as responses to the opioid crisis, telemarketing fraud, and energy reforms. Its bipartisan membership reflects its status as a vital platform for legislative negotiation and consensus-building[1][3][7]. Currently, in the 119th Congress (2025-2027), it comprises 54 members and continues to actively oversee emerging issues including investigations into sports betting and illegal gambling, reflecting its adaptability